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Bambaboo
05-07-2008, 03:31 PM
The working paper on the economic aspect in the Kurdistan region of Iraq

07/05/2008

Dr. Sabah Qaddura
Sons of the Kurdish people waiting in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, waiting impatiently to news of the Declaration of the Fourth cabin composition of the Council of Ministers, on the basis of solving the problem of eventual unification of the ministries in a unified administration. Conduct necessary reforms and necessary aim to activate the performance of ministries, and through re-structure in terms of reducing the number of ministries to a reasonable extent, and raise administrative efficiency, technical and operational these ministries after the restructuring, with a view to providing the best service possible and necessary, which help to promote development on the Economic and Social Council in Territory. Economy has been the engine behind politics and society in all its components, including the knowledge and culture. From this standpoint, I take this occasion to present the paper work regarding the image of the current economic situation and future in the province. A proposal for the study of economic affairs and urged those concerned to participate in enriching its contents, in order to reach a formula acceptable and appropriate to address chronic economic problems and left for long periods without treatment, and solutions have scientific and logical, consistent with the general political situation in Iraq and the specifics of the territory now and the prospects for future development.

After the fall of the dictatorship, Iraq faced, including the heavy legacy of the Kurdistan region and multidimensional in all fields of political, economic and social development. Since the glorious uprising in August 1991, and its impact on the federal system was born in the province Monday, after 17 years of age of the march, saw the Kurdistan region Iraq quality of some developments at the political, economic, social, but not these developments in the level of the aspirations of the people of Kurdistan.
These developments could limit quality (without going into details) as follows: --
1 - after the fall of the dictatorship, the Territory experienced relatively compared to other parts of Iraq kind of stability and internal security. Waste has been internal fighting and effecting reconciliation between the two powerful since 1998. Liquidation rules were terrorist movements of the base in the border areas with Iran syndrome (Movement soldier of Islam) and in the cities of the region Sunday.
2 - held elections for parliament in the province, after it became Omar previous parliament 10 years and a malfunction on performance, as well as local elections. Participation in governance, participation is also twice in the Iraqi parliament elections and to achieve a good win there. Unification of a unified administration, but not as full, and became the ministries of Justice and Finance, Interior and Public PESHMARGA outside the cabin eventual unification third so far. And more effective participation in the management of the Iraqi state, the election of a Kurd as president of Iraq, and other facilities of the Executive Vice Prime Minister of Iraq. Through participating in a number of important ministries of Foreign Affairs and others.
3 - active participation in the drafting and adoption of the Iraqi Constitution, as well as the Constitution of Kurdistan province.
4 - The conversion of the Territory's economy from a centralized economy to an open, diverse and based on the use of market mechanisms and a greater role for the private sector, as well as that there was agreement on most of the priorities to be implemented to remove the backwardness and development of the Territory's economy and address the problems of poverty, unemployment and building and re Binaabanni infrastructure. But As the dispute seems reflected in the approach to be adopted achieve these ends.
5 - that partisan favoritism and weak financial oversight, stands behind the economic and administrative corruption was rampant in all organs and federal levels of management. Increase the volume of transactions in the shadow market (black market) day after day without any sergeant Aouhsab to this issue seriously. Concern and exaggeration is privatization, and only pursue the policy of market economy, this situation may encourage further economic and administrative corruption.
6 - weak and limited sources of manpower required in the sophisticated production process. As well as weakness in infrastructure, which hampers the process of Mewing and economic development.
7 - The economy of the region is threatened by "sharks" Social, which is in the preparation of the new owners of the rich worlds of shadow and the black market. Lack of transparency and economic democracy. The lack of information and statistics and programmes, and to the good and plans to apply recipes Fund and the World Bank and a bad reputation and harmful to social strata and shade poor and middle.
8 - exacerbating the volume of unemployment among young women and young people, especially among women. Because there are more than one million employees receive salaries from the provincial government, while it is assumed that the increasing number of government employees as government source about 14% but in Kurdistan, a higher percentage than 30%. Thus, enterprises suffer from underemployment, which is considered one of the administrative corruption in the province. Usually appoint government officials, especially in leadership positions accredited by the two parties in power.
9 - the majority of economic activity of the nature of consumerism, accompanied by a decline in productive activity, which helps to create extra value,
The composition of capital accumulation to the local economy in the foreseeable future.
10 - The economy of the region is outside the law and sometimes above it, the economy is needed to stabilize insurance. Lenin wrote that "the economy is impossible to manage the matter." This problem is further complicated because the economy was demanding Bastaab modern technology and to respond with market movement!!!
11 - that the institutions of the federal administration exercised its authority to instruct the two parties in power. Since become one feels that the Federal Haaz administered and directly across from the two orders, lack of separation of powers between the judicial, legislative, executive and even the fourth - media, and thus became a tool of the institutions that are marginal in force around them.
12 - to move forward in deepening the policy of market economy, has resulted in a large gap between rich and poor. Absence and lack of accountability and transparency at both the administrative and popular, thus causing the concentration of wealth largely in the hands of influential groups bias and administratively. Weak performance of the federal administration in providing the necessary and basic services for citizens in the areas of water, electricity and oil derivatives, and the provision of health services, education and food security. Expansion of market speculation in real estate, which caused the obscene rise in the value of land and residential houses and shops, and also its impact on rents and thus reflects negatively on the level of revenues a low-income and poor segments in the province. Open a policy of import consumer goods and unskilled labour, and their negative impact on increasing the rate of inflation.
13 - that the contracts between the federal administration in the Kurdistan region of Iraq and foreign companies operating in prospecting operations constitute a great injustice and the Iraqi Kurdish side. According to some preliminary data, that these contracts give the companies mentioned may share amounting to 40% forty percent of the oil extracted low cost of the company for developing fields in the province.
14 - since the introduction of federal system coupled with the Kurdistan parliament in 1992, the Kurdistan region has not seen a marked improvement in civil society, until this moment, and must now ensure that the laws of the people's right to say his opinion, including the right to say (no) when necessary .
15 - weakness evident in the performance of the tax system and financial institutions, especially banks, and the instability of the value of local currency.

cont...

Bambaboo
05-07-2008, 03:33 PM
Conclusions and proposals: --

Require moving the economy of the region to ensure a higher proportion of growth, so that the availability of goods and services markets hungry for consumer prices and obscene strongly and poor quality of such goods from the necessary needs of the individual, like water, electricity, fuel, medicines and agricultural products and livestock, among others. And certainly the presence of a full programme of modernization, and its problem Such a programme requires heavy investments can be secured from: --

1 - Allasthlaki public spending curbs, which represent salaries and wages, about 70% of them, because of underemployment, and other spending around 20%, and the remaining prospects for investment of around 10% of the Territory's budget, which amounted to 7 billion dollars Limits on in 2007, which accounted for 17% From the budget, which amounted to Iraq in the same year limits Milird $ 41, and the implementation of some primers by the Center, as well as from foreign aid. There is no obvious imbalance between consumer spending and public investment spending.

2 - that a large proportion of investments made in the Kurdistan region focused on the buildings and others Alchid programmer, which includes frequent building hotels with a high classification (4-5 Stars), high buildings and villas for officials and party members, administrators, squares and gardens and various government buildings, and part Few in the building housing complexes for citizens, while there is a real crisis for housing in the province. Here is also a clear imbalance in the activity of this sector. It is necessary to encourage the private sector to contribute to this activity, and government activity directed towards building the basic components of infrastructure, roads and public transport fast, bridges, tunnels and networks, Text television and the Internet, in order to link the counties and wards in cities and facilitate the task of Commerce The transfer of passengers and cargo.

3 - be directed towards building a justice system and thus social Alrvae for this generation and future generations (of the right to education, treatment and social security insurance), is one of the basics and priorities and duties of the state in all the world, is not just through a policy of market economy. Hence the need for state intervention and the general government sector in planning and programming of the economy in the province, creating a kind of incentives to revitalize the role of the private sector to contribute in turn is also in the process of sustainable social economic development.

4 - it is also necessary to pay for investments that are moving to consumer industries, to provide the necessary and essential goods to citizens. This means allocating a large part of domestic capital to create and develop the means of production material that contribute to the production of final goods and services to meet the needs of the population.

5 - to combat the phenomenon of administrative corruption and economic, through a comprehensive awareness campaign for the staff of the Territory and at all levels of the federal administration, and a similar campaign addressed to the citizens, with the enactment of laws, legislation and strict controls and deterrent to eradicate this phenomenon, and stimulating the ministries and departments to reform.

6 - that the greatest challenge facing the economy in the Federal Department of the Kurdistan region of Iraq, is how to emerge from the chaos in the economic laws, which dominates the overall activities, nor is done only by adopting a transparent and clear strategy in the process of sustainable economic and social development, philosophy and the nature of the system Political. This requires a sort of balance in moving between economic planning and effective role of the general government sector and market economy. Reforms in laws and financial and tax legislation. Use modern technology to build logic and models (DM) economic environment-friendly corporations, according to the level of political evolution, social, economic, regulatory, and without a transfer Aostnsak tests away from this environment. Transition from the consumer economy as it is productive to the economy. Create and develop qualified manpower to contribute to the process of production and productivity. Appreciated the role with the business community and its organizations in the process of participating in making decisions that affect strategic and accelerate economic growth, and reduce inequalities of class and alleviate poverty, eradicate unemployment and raise the standard of living of citizens and achieve some sort of justice The Alrvaoualajtmai.

7 - the need to expand the political participation of organizations, parties and independent personalities, which played a role in the plaza Territory fateful decision-making, activating the human rights practices and the rights of ethnic minorities and the actual practice of democracy, and resolving problems through dialogues and modern fashion away from the force. Counter-terrorism in its different forms. Without it is difficult to imagine any scenario of a rational economic and social development in the province.

8 - that premise, which stem from giving proper appreciation of the ongoing developments in fact live, and understand and note the new changes and the future vision in the evolution of federalism, is the premise calls for gradual adoption in the face of new changes, and provides the possibility of identifying priorities, and implement the programme of reforms, so as to develop programmes Realistic and ambitious development and construction and reconstruction in the province.

9 - The financial resources and technical capabilities and advanced technology and manpower are eligible for federal management, does not assess the real need for financial and organizational sustainable development projects and reconstruction, especially that the volume of devastation and destruction suffered by the infrastructure and economic structures in the province, requiring large amounts of money and more possibilities of what is Now, in addition to combat unemployment. So I think it is necessary to take advantage of foreign aid which is still scarce, and which plays an important role in supporting sustainable development and development, investing in a true condition in the critical areas, according to the priorities of sound, as well as managed by local and international mechanisms for effective and harmonious way.

10 - one day feeling kind of relative improvement in the level of human life compared to previous periods. Especially since there are groups of foreign companies that implement projects multi-service consumer, thereby contributing to the increase in monetary liquidity in the province, and caused at the same time, the phenomenon of inflation and raise prices Gurmeraqub goods and services, particularly the hotel and housing rents and rising prices of foodstuffs and medicines with poor quality, which reflected this situation negatively, especially in the area of distribution and redistribution of national income and its impact on the living reality of the middle classes and poor in the province.

11 - to activate the role of the federal administration in control of some basic economic activities, requires today to move towards central planning. And resort to relying on intensive manufacturing industrial economy, the unit is capable of raising the productivity of work, including helping to raise living standards and the provision of goods and services needs his dog. Thus creating a sort of balance between government activities and the market, after achieving positive developments in economic and social infrastructure.

12 - impose tariff protection for industries, to prevent competition of domestic production - and has already applied this policy in many countries of the world, especially developed.

13 - Federal Administration to impose on companies meeting the requirements of export targets as a condition for manufacturing licences, especially if the financing of such companies in the manufacturing and nationally in full. With a view to ensuring that foreign currency spent directly linked to exports to obtain foreign currencies. In the case of inability of companies to achieve profits from the export, can rely on the profits reaped from the local market, thanks to protection against foreign competition.

14 - effective control over all banks, in order to control the use of financial resources. Follow the policy of imposing high interest rates on loans, and low rate loans for industrial projects and productivity.

15 - governing the Federal Administration on how to use local companies for foreign exchange and loans to import the necessary technology to create new industries, as well as the necessary financial revenues for the factories until the completion and production ready.

16 - invest adequate resources in education, to prepare better-educated work force and specialized, to contribute in raising production and productivity of work.

In sum, we find today that the situation experienced by the federal administration in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, may be somewhat similar to the one Russian stories, which tell people Birostroyka days, namely: a man went to ask about a specialist treat him, and asked permission appointed jurisdiction. He was told that such jurisdiction does not exist, there is jurisdiction and then nose and throat, and there's jurisdiction was appointed, both independent branch of medicine. He insisted the man was wanted, and asked: "Why?" He said: "I am patient because I hear nothing and see something other "!!!.
We hope to restore confidence between the sons of the Kurdish people and his ruling by opening the doors of economic freedom, to which matched a broader democratic freedoms. Uige and then beyond the role of political freedom must have the goods and services more!

http://www.iraqoftomorrow.org/wesima_articles/articles-20080507-55176.html

Bambaboo